Sql Tutorial |
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Sql Database |
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SQL Keywords
- SQL Server uses reserved words for database operations.
- Reserved keywords are part of the SQL Server T-SQL grammar.
- SQL Server has claimed current and future reserved words.
- Keywords can be used as identifiers by placing them between [].
Current T-SQL Keywords
ADD | EXCEPT | PERCENT |
ALL | EXEC | PLAN |
ALTER | EXECUTE | PRECISION |
AND | EXISTS | PRIMARY |
ANY | EXIT | PRINT |
AS | FETCH | PROC |
ASC | FILE | PROCEDURE |
AUTHORIZATION | FILLFACTOR | PUBLIC |
BACKUP | FOR | RAISERROR |
BEGIN | FOREIGN | READ |
BETWEEN | FREETEXT | READTEXT |
BREAK | FREETEXTTABLE | RECONFIGURE |
BROWSE | FROM | REFERENCES |
BULK | FULL | REPLICATION |
BY | FUNCTION | RESTORE |
CASCADE | GOTO | RESTRICT |
CASE | GRANT | RETURN |
CHECK | GROUP | REVOKE |
CHECKPOINT | HAVING | RIGHT |
CLOSE | HOLDLOCK | ROLLBACK |
CLUSTERED | IDENTITY | ROWCOUNT |
COALESCE | IDENTITY_INSERT | ROWGUIDCOL |
COLLATE | IDENTITYCOL | RULE |
COLUMN | IF | SAVE |
COMMIT | IN | SCHEMA |
COMPUTE | INDEX | SELECT |
CONSTRAINT | INNER | SESSION_USER |
CONTAINS | INSERT | SET |
CONTAINSTABLE | INTERSECT | SETUSER |
CONTINUE | INTO | SHUTDOWN |
CONVERT | IS | SOME |
CREATE | JOIN | STATISTICS |
CROSS | KEY | SYSTEM_USER |
CURRENT | KILL | TABLE |
CURRENT_DATE | LEFT | TEXTSIZE |
CURRENT_TIME | LIKE | THEN |
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | LINENO | TO |
CURRENT_USER | LOAD | TOP |
CURSOR | NATIONAL | TRAN |
DATABASE | NOCHECK | TRANSACTION |
DBCC | NONCLUSTERED | TRIGGER |
DEALLOCATE | NOT | TRUNCATE |
DECLARE | NULL | TSEQUAL |
DEFAULT | NULLIF | UNION |
DELETE | OF | UNIQUE |
DENY | OFF | UPDATE |
DESC | OFFSETS | UPDATETEXT |
DISK | ON | USE |
DISTINCT | OPEN | USER |
DISTRIBUTED | OPENDATASOURCE | VALUES |
DOUBLE | OPENQUERY | VARYING |
DROP | OPENROWSET | VIEW |
DUMMY | OPENXML | WAITFOR |
DUMP | OPTION | WHEN |
ELSE | OR | WHERE |
END | ORDER | WHILE |
ERRLVL | OUTER | WITH |
ESCAPE | OVER | WRITETEXT |
ADD |
EXCEPT |
PERCENT |
ALL |
EXEC |
PLAN |
ALTER |
EXECUTE |
PRECISION |
AND |
EXISTS |
PRIMARY |
ANY |
EXIT |
PRINT |
AS |
FETCH |
PROC |
ASC |
FILE |
PROCEDURE |
AUTHORIZATION |
FILLFACTOR |
PUBLIC |
BACKUP |
FOR |
RAISERROR |
BEGIN |
FOREIGN |
READ |
BETWEEN |
FREETEXT |
READTEXT |
BREAK |
FREETEXTTABLE |
RECONFIGURE |
BROWSE |
FROM |
REFERENCES |
BULK |
FULL |
REPLICATION |
BY |
FUNCTION |
RESTORE |
CASCADE |
GOTO |
RESTRICT |
CASE |
GRANT |
RETURN |
CHECK |
GROUP |
REVOKE |
CHECKPOINT |
HAVING |
RIGHT |
CLOSE |
HOLDLOCK |
ROLLBACK |
CLUSTERED |
IDENTITY |
ROWCOUNT |
COALESCE |
IDENTITY_INSERT |
ROWGUIDCOL |
COLLATE |
IDENTITYCOL |
RULE |
COLUMN |
IF |
SAVE |
COMMIT |
IN |
SCHEMA |
COMPUTE |
INDEX |
SELECT |
CONSTRAINT |
INNER |
SESSION_USER |
CONTAINS |
INSERT |
SET |
CONTAINSTABLE |
INTERSECT |
SETUSER |
CONTINUE |
INTO |
SHUTDOWN |
CONVERT |
IS |
SOME |
CREATE |
JOIN |
STATISTICS |
CROSS |
KEY |
SYSTEM_USER |
CURRENT |
KILL |
TABLE |
CURRENT_DATE |
LEFT |
TEXTSIZE |
CURRENT_TIME |
LIKE |
THEN |
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP |
LINENO |
TO |
CURRENT_USER |
LOAD |
TOP |
CURSOR |
NATIONAL |
TRAN |
DATABASE |
NOCHECK |
TRANSACTION |
DBCC |
NONCLUSTERED |
TRIGGER |
DEALLOCATE |
NOT |
TRUNCATE |
DECLARE |
NULL |
TSEQUAL |
DEFAULT |
NULLIF |
UNION |
DELETE |
OF |
UNIQUE |
DENY |
OFF |
UPDATE |
DESC |
OFFSETS |
UPDATETEXT |
DISK |
ON |
USE |
DISTINCT |
OPEN |
USER |
DISTRIBUTED |
OPENDATASOURCE |
VALUES |
DOUBLE |
OPENQUERY |
VARYING |
DROP |
OPENROWSET |
VIEW |
DUMMY |
OPENXML |
WAITFOR |
DUMP |
OPTION |
WHEN |
ELSE |
OR |
WHERE |
END |
ORDER |
WHILE |
ERRLVL |
OUTER |
WITH |
ESCAPE |
OVER |
WRITETEXT |
Future T-SQL Keywords
ABSOLUTE | FOUND | PRESERVE |
ACTION | FREE | PRIOR |
ADMIN | GENERAL | PRIVILEGES |
AFTER | GET | READS |
AGGREGATE | GLOBAL | REAL |
ALIAS | GO | RECURSIVE |
ALLOCATE | GROUPING | REF |
ARE | HOST | REFERENCING |
ARRAY | HOUR | RELATIVE |
ASSERTION | IGNORE | RESULT |
AT | IMMEDIATE | RETURNS |
BEFORE | INDICATOR | ROLE |
BINARY | INITIALIZE | ROLLUP |
BIT | INITIALLY | ROUTINE |
BLOB | INOUT | ROW |
BOOLEAN | INPUT | ROWS |
BOTH | INT | SAVEPOINT |
BREADTH | INTEGER | SCROLL |
CALL | INTERVAL | SCOPE |
CASCADED | ISOLATION | SEARCH |
CAST | ITERATE | SECOND |
CATALOG | LANGUAGE | SECTION |
CHAR | LARGE | SEQUENCE |
CHARACTER | LAST | SESSION |
CLASS | LATERAL | SETS |
CLOB | LEADING | SIZE |
COLLATION | LESS | SMALLINT |
COMPLETION | LEVEL | SPACE |
CONNECT | LIMIT | SPECIFIC |
CONNECTION | LOCAL | SPECIFICTYPE |
CONSTRAINTS | LOCALTIME | SQL |
CONSTRUCTOR | LOCALTIMESTAMP | SQLEXCEPTION |
CORRESPONDING | LOCATOR | SQLSTATE |
CUBE | MAP | SQLWARNING |
CURRENT_PATH | MATCH | START |
CURRENT_ROLE | MINUTE | STATE |
CYCLE | MODIFIES | STATEMENT |
DATA | MODIFY | STATIC |
DATE | MODULE | STRUCTURE |
DAY | MONTH | TEMPORARY |
DEC | NAMES | TERMINATE |
DECIMAL | NATURAL | THAN |
DEFERRABLE | NCHAR | TIME |
DEFERRED | NCLOB | TIMESTAMP |
DEPTH | NEW | TIMEZONE_HOUR |
DEREF | NEXT | TIMEZONE_MINUTE |
DESCRIBE | NO | TRAILING |
DESCRIPTOR | NONE | TRANSLATION |
DESTROY | NUMERIC | TREAT |
DESTRUCTOR | OBJECT | TRUE |
DETERMINISTIC | OLD | UNDER |
DICTIONARY | ONLY | UNKNOWN |
DIAGNOSTICS | OPERATION | UNNEST |
DISCONNECT | ORDINALITY | USAGE |
DOMAIN | OUT | USING |
DYNAMIC | OUTPUT | VALUE |
EACH | PAD | VARCHAR |
END-EXEC | PARAMETER | VARIABLE |
EQUALS | PARAMETERS | WHENEVER |
EVERY | PARTIAL | WITHOUT |
EXCEPTION | PATH | WORK |
EXTERNAL | POSTFIX | WRITE |
FALSE | PREFIX | YEAR |
FIRST | PREORDER | ZONE |
FLOAT | PREPARE | |
ABSOLUTE |
FOUND |
PRESERVE |
ACTION |
FREE |
PRIOR |
ADMIN |
GENERAL |
PRIVILEGES |
AFTER |
GET |
READS |
AGGREGATE |
GLOBAL |
REAL |
ALIAS |
GO |
RECURSIVE |
ALLOCATE |
GROUPING |
REF |
ARE |
HOST |
REFERENCING |
ARRAY |
HOUR |
RELATIVE |
ASSERTION |
IGNORE |
RESULT |
AT |
IMMEDIATE |
RETURNS |
BEFORE |
INDICATOR |
ROLE |
BINARY |
INITIALIZE |
ROLLUP |
BIT |
INITIALLY |
ROUTINE |
BLOB |
INOUT |
ROW |
BOOLEAN |
INPUT |
ROWS |
BOTH |
INT |
SAVEPOINT |
BREADTH |
INTEGER |
SCROLL |
CALL |
INTERVAL |
SCOPE |
CASCADED |
ISOLATION |
SEARCH |
CAST |
ITERATE |
SECOND |
CATALOG |
LANGUAGE |
SECTION |
CHAR |
LARGE |
SEQUENCE |
CHARACTER |
LAST |
SESSION |
CLASS |
LATERAL |
SETS |
CLOB |
LEADING |
SIZE |
COLLATION |
LESS |
SMALLINT |
COMPLETION |
LEVEL |
SPACE |
CONNECT |
LIMIT |
SPECIFIC |
CONNECTION |
LOCAL |
SPECIFICTYPE |
CONSTRAINTS |
LOCALTIME |
SQL |
CONSTRUCTOR |
LOCALTIMESTAMP |
SQLEXCEPTION |
CORRESPONDING |
LOCATOR |
SQLSTATE |
CUBE |
MAP |
SQLWARNING |
CURRENT_PATH |
MATCH |
START |
CURRENT_ROLE |
MINUTE |
STATE |
CYCLE |
MODIFIES |
STATEMENT |
DATA |
MODIFY |
STATIC |
DATE |
MODULE |
STRUCTURE |
DAY |
MONTH |
TEMPORARY |
DEC |
NAMES |
TERMINATE |
DECIMAL |
NATURAL |
THAN |
DEFERRABLE |
NCHAR |
TIME |
DEFERRED |
NCLOB |
TIMESTAMP |
DEPTH |
NEW |
TIMEZONE_HOUR |
DEREF |
NEXT |
TIMEZONE_MINUTE |
DESCRIBE |
NO |
TRAILING |
DESCRIPTOR |
NONE |
TRANSLATION |
DESTROY |
NUMERIC |
TREAT |
DESTRUCTOR |
OBJECT |
TRUE |
DETERMINISTIC |
OLD |
UNDER |
DICTIONARY |
ONLY |
UNKNOWN |
DIAGNOSTICS |
OPERATION |
UNNEST |
DISCONNECT |
ORDINALITY |
USAGE |
DOMAIN |
OUT |
USING |
DYNAMIC |
OUTPUT |
VALUE |
EACH |
PAD |
VARCHAR |
END-EXEC |
PARAMETER |
VARIABLE |
EQUALS |
PARAMETERS |
WHENEVER |
EVERY |
PARTIAL |
WITHOUT |
EXCEPTION |
PATH |
WORK |
EXTERNAL |
POSTFIX |
WRITE |
FALSE |
PREFIX |
YEAR |
FIRST |
PREORDER |
ZONE |
FLOAT |
PREPARE |