The Strategy design pattern defines a family of algorithms, encapsulate each one, and make them interchangeable. This pattern lets the algorithm vary independently from clients that use it.
A visualization of the classes and objects participating in this pattern.
The classes and objects participating in this pattern include:
SortStrategy
)
QuickSort, ShellSort, MergeSort
)
SortedList
)
This structural code demonstrates the Strategy pattern which encapsulates functionality in the form of an object. This allows clients to dynamically change algorithmic strategies.
using System;
namespace Strategy.Structural
{
/// <summary>
/// Strategy Design Pattern
/// </summary>
public class Program
{
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
Context context;
// Three contexts following different strategies
context = new Context(new ConcreteStrategyA());
context.ContextInterface();
context = new Context(new ConcreteStrategyB());
context.ContextInterface();
context = new Context(new ConcreteStrategyC());
context.ContextInterface();
// Wait for user
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// The 'Strategy' abstract class
/// </summary>
public abstract class Strategy
{
public abstract void AlgorithmInterface();
}
/// <summary>
/// A 'ConcreteStrategy' class
/// </summary>
public class ConcreteStrategyA : Strategy
{
public override void AlgorithmInterface()
{
Console.WriteLine(
"Called ConcreteStrategyA.AlgorithmInterface()");
}
}
/// <summary>
/// A 'ConcreteStrategy' class
/// </summary>
public class ConcreteStrategyB : Strategy
{
public override void AlgorithmInterface()
{
Console.WriteLine(
"Called ConcreteStrategyB.AlgorithmInterface()");
}
}
/// <summary>
/// A 'ConcreteStrategy' class
/// </summary>
public class ConcreteStrategyC : Strategy
{
public override void AlgorithmInterface()
{
Console.WriteLine(
"Called ConcreteStrategyC.AlgorithmInterface()");
}
}
/// <summary>
/// The 'Context' class
/// </summary>
public class Context
{
Strategy strategy;
// Constructor
public Context(Strategy strategy)
{
this.strategy = strategy;
}
public void ContextInterface()
{
strategy.AlgorithmInterface();
}
}
}
This real-world code ddemonstrates the Strategy pattern which encapsulates sorting algorithms in the form of sorting objects. This allows clients to dynamically change sorting strategies including Quicksort, Shellsort, and Mergesort.
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
namespace Strategy.RealWorld
{
/// <summary>
/// Strategy Design Pattern
/// </summary>
public class Program
{
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
// Two contexts following different strategies
SortedList studentRecords = new SortedList();
studentRecords.Add("Samual");
studentRecords.Add("Jimmy");
studentRecords.Add("Sandra");
studentRecords.Add("Vivek");
studentRecords.Add("Anna");
studentRecords.SetSortStrategy(new QuickSort());
studentRecords.Sort();
studentRecords.SetSortStrategy(new ShellSort());
studentRecords.Sort();
studentRecords.SetSortStrategy(new MergeSort());
studentRecords.Sort();
// Wait for user
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// The 'Strategy' abstract class
/// </summary>
public abstract class SortStrategy
{
public abstract void Sort(List<string> list);
}
/// <summary>
/// A 'ConcreteStrategy' class
/// </summary>
public class QuickSort : SortStrategy
{
public override void Sort(List<string> list)
{
list.Sort(); // Default is Quicksort
Console.WriteLine("QuickSorted list ");
}
}
/// <summary>
/// A 'ConcreteStrategy' class
/// </summary>
public class ShellSort : SortStrategy
{
public override void Sort(List<string> list)
{
//list.ShellSort(); not-implemented
Console.WriteLine("ShellSorted list ");
}
}
/// <summary>
/// A 'ConcreteStrategy' class
/// </summary>
public class MergeSort : SortStrategy
{
public override void Sort(List<string> list)
{
//list.MergeSort(); not-implemented
Console.WriteLine("MergeSorted list ");
}
}
/// <summary>
/// The 'Context' class
/// </summary>
public class SortedList
{
private List<string> list = new List<string>();
private SortStrategy sortstrategy;
public void SetSortStrategy(SortStrategy sortstrategy)
{
this.sortstrategy = sortstrategy;
}
public void Add(string name)
{
list.Add(name);
}
public void Sort()
{
sortstrategy.Sort(list);
// Iterate over list and display results
foreach (string name in list)
{
Console.WriteLine(" " + name);
}
Console.WriteLine();
}
}
}
The .NET optimized code demonstrates the
same real-world situation as above but uses modern, built-in .NET features,
such as, generics, reflection, LINQ, lambda functions, etc.
You can find an example on our Singleton pattern page.
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