Singleton Design Pattern

using System;

namespace DoFactory.GangOfFour.Singleton.Structural

{

  /// <summary>

  /// MainApp startup class for Structural

  /// Singleton Design Pattern.

  /// </summary>

  class MainApp

  {

    /// <summary>

    /// Entry point into console application.

    /// </summary>

    static void Main()

    {

      // Constructor is protected -- cannot use new

      Singleton s1 = Singleton.Instance();

      Singleton s2 = Singleton.Instance();

      // Test for same instance

      if (s1 == s2)

      {

        Console.WriteLine("Objects are the same instance");

      }

      // Wait for user

      Console.ReadKey();

    }

  }

  /// <summary>

  /// The 'Singleton' class

  /// </summary>

  class Singleton

  {

    private static Singleton _instance;

    // Constructor is 'protected'

    protected Singleton()

    {

    }

    public static Singleton Instance()

    {

      // Uses lazy initialization.

      // Note: this is not thread safe.

      if (_instance == null)

      {

        _instance = new Singleton();

      }

      return _instance;

    }

  }

}

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Threading;

namespace DoFactory.GangOfFour.Singleton.RealWorld

{

  /// <summary>

  /// MainApp startup class for Real-World

  /// Singleton Design Pattern.

  /// </summary>

  class MainApp

  {

    /// <summary>

    /// Entry point into console application.

    /// </summary>

    static void Main()

    {

      LoadBalancer b1 = LoadBalancer.GetLoadBalancer();

      LoadBalancer b2 = LoadBalancer.GetLoadBalancer();

      LoadBalancer b3 = LoadBalancer.GetLoadBalancer();

      LoadBalancer b4 = LoadBalancer.GetLoadBalancer();

      // Same instance?

      if (b1 == b2 && b2 == b3 && b3 == b4)

      {

        Console.WriteLine("Same instance\n");

      }

      // Load balance 15 server requests

      LoadBalancer balancer = LoadBalancer.GetLoadBalancer();

      for (int i = 0; i < 15; i++)

      {

        string server = balancer.Server;

        Console.WriteLine("Dispatch Request to: " + server);

      }

      // Wait for user

      Console.ReadKey();

    }

  }

  /// <summary>

  /// The 'Singleton' class

  /// </summary>

  class LoadBalancer

  {

    private static LoadBalancer _instance;

    private List<string> _servers = new List<string>();

    private Random _random = new Random();

    // Lock synchronization object

    private static object syncLock = new object();

    // Constructor (protected)

    protected LoadBalancer()

    {

      // List of available servers

      _servers.Add("ServerI");

      _servers.Add("ServerII");

      _servers.Add("ServerIII");

      _servers.Add("ServerIV");

      _servers.Add("ServerV");

    }

    public static LoadBalancer GetLoadBalancer()

    {

      // Support multithreaded applications through

      // 'Double checked locking' pattern which (once

      // the instance exists) avoids locking each

      // time the method is invoked

      if (_instance == null)

      {

        lock (syncLock)

        {

          if (_instance == null)

          {

            _instance = new LoadBalancer();

          }

        }

      }

      return _instance;

    }

    // Simple, but effective random load balancer

    public string Server

    {

      get

      {

        int r = _random.Next(_servers.Count);

        return _servers[r].ToString();

      }

    }

  }

}

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace DoFactory.GangOfFour.Singleton.NETOptimized

{

  /// <summary>

  /// MainApp startup class for .NET optimized

  /// Singleton Design Pattern.

  /// </summary>

  class MainApp

  {

    /// <summary>

    /// Entry point into console application.

    /// </summary>

    static void Main()

    {

      LoadBalancer b1 = LoadBalancer.GetLoadBalancer();

      LoadBalancer b2 = LoadBalancer.GetLoadBalancer();

      LoadBalancer b3 = LoadBalancer.GetLoadBalancer();

      LoadBalancer b4 = LoadBalancer.GetLoadBalancer();

      // Confirm these are the same instance

      if (b1 == b2 && b2 == b3 && b3 == b4)

      {

        Console.WriteLine("Same instance\n");

      }

      // Next, load balance 15 requests for a server

      LoadBalancer balancer = LoadBalancer.GetLoadBalancer();

      for (int i = 0; i < 15; i++)

      {

        string serverName = balancer.NextServer.Name;

        Console.WriteLine("Dispatch request to: " + serverName);

      }

      // Wait for user

      Console.ReadKey();

    }

  }

  /// <summary>

  /// The 'Singleton' class

  /// </summary>

  sealed class LoadBalancer

  {

    // Static members are 'eagerly initialized', that is,

    // immediately when class is loaded for the first time.

    // .NET guarantees thread safety for static initialization

    private static readonly LoadBalancer _instance =

      new LoadBalancer();

    // Type-safe generic list of servers

    private List<Server> _servers;

    private Random _random = new Random();

    // Note: constructor is 'private'

    private LoadBalancer()

    {

      // Load list of available servers

      _servers = new List<Server>

        {

         new Server{ Name = "ServerI", IP = "120.14.220.18" },

         new Server{ Name = "ServerII", IP = "120.14.220.19" },

         new Server{ Name = "ServerIII", IP = "120.14.220.20" },

         new Server{ Name = "ServerIV", IP = "120.14.220.21" },

         new Server{ Name = "ServerV", IP = "120.14.220.22" },

        };

    }

    public static LoadBalancer GetLoadBalancer()

    {

      return _instance;

    }

    // Simple, but effective load balancer

    public Server NextServer

    {

      get

      {

        int r = _random.Next(_servers.Count);

        return _servers[r];

      }

    }

  }

  /// <summary>

  /// Represents a server machine

  /// </summary>

  class Server

  {

    // Gets or sets server name

    public string Name { get; set; }

    // Gets or sets server IP address

    public string IP { get; set; }

  }

}